Osteochondrosis is a disease in which degenerative-dynist processes occur in the spine tissues.The defeat of the intervertebral discs, the joint surfaces that adapt to them, the bodies of the vertebrae, the ligament device.As a general rule, in the beginning of osteochondrosis, abnormal changes occur in the bones and ligaments.In fact, a person is only thought to develop the disease when they begin to suffer from such a condition - back pain, impaired sensitivity, muscle atrophy, complications of damage to the internal organs.
This disease is widespread among modern people: according to various sources, up to 90% of the world's population suffers from osteochondrosis.Basically, the disease is already affected by 30 -year -olds.To date, lumbar osteochondrosis (about half of the cases) is most often explored.
Osteochondrosis
The disease develops in one person.In the first phase of the disease progression, the dehydration process of the pulpona seed begins.As a result, the height of the disc decrease decreases and the cracks develop in the fibrous ring.However, pathological changes do not occur outside the intervertebral disc.
In the second phase, two adjacent vertebrae are set up as a result of a decrease in the height of the disk, as a result of the connection of muscles and ligaments.Due to the destruction of the tapes and muscles, excessive mobility of the vertebrae is manifested, provoking the development of instability of the spinal and motor segment.During this period, the vertebrae may slip or shift while spondylolistz is formed.
The third phase of the development of osteochondrosis is characterized by priority morphological changes in intervertebral discs.The formation of prolaps and the protrusion of the discs occur, and the subluxation develops in the intervertebral joints and the uko-ridge joints.
When the fourth stage occurs, adaptive changes can be observed in the vertebrae affected.In this case, the human body adapts to the too strong mobility of the vertebrae, defeating it.Due to the immobilization of the spine, osteophytes appear - regional bone growth on the adjacent surfaces of the spine.Osteofit can hurt the spine of a nerve.Gradually fibrous changes occur in intervertebral discs and joints.As a result, a kind of shell is formed on the spinal engine segment and the manifestations gradually disappear.
Causes of osteochondrosis
Experts express various assumptions of the reasons that contribute to the development of osteochondrosis.Such causes of the mechanical trauma of the spine, the malfunctions of the body, the arrangement of the disease, which is inherited.However, due to the prevalence of the disease, it is difficult to determine the clear cause of the disease.Often found in young and old people;Physically strong and little skilled.
From time to time, you hear the opinion that the symptoms of osteochondrosis occur due to the deposition of salts in the human spine.Patients often talk about the emptying of salts when they hear squeaking and crunching in the joints.In fact, the disease develops due to the impaired tissue nutrition.As a result, their structure is gradually reborn.In the tissues of the bone and cartilage, the renewal process is continuous.If a person has regularly adequate physical activity, the tissue becomes more flexible.But in people who primarily lead a sedentary lifestyle, such tissue is less durable.
In addition, the development of osteochondrosis can be caused by excessive weight, posture violations, negative environmental conditions, body position characteristics during work, unevenly developed bone-muscular system, pregnancy, stress, hypothermia, infection.
Thus, the scope of the factors provoking the development of the disease is very wide.The characteristics of cartilage and bone tissue blood flow and nutrition play no lasts in this process.There are no vessels in the vertebrates of adults, so the oxygen and all the necessary nutrients come from adjacent tissues.Therefore, blood circulation is constantly activated in the surrounding tissues for normal nutrition of the spine.You can accelerate this process by ensuring the active functioning of the muscles.
Symptoms of osteochondrosis
The manifestation of the disease can be varied and depends directly on the stage of the disease the disease remains.The most significant symptoms of the disease occur when the abnormal process extends to the back of the fibrous ring and the posterior longitudinal ligament.In the process of activating the pathological process, the patient develops reflex and compression neurological syndromes.
Osteochondrosis can occur in different areas of the body, so the symptoms of the disease are very wide.In the patient, osteochondrosis can occur in the limbs or numbness, sometimes causing pain in the chest, abnormalities of genitals and headaches.At the same time, one does not even realize that osteochondrosis is the cause of such manifestations.
If the patient develops osteochondrosis of the chest spine, the symptoms may be similar to the manifestations of heart disease: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction.This is the reason why they sometimes have false treatment, leading to further progression of osteochondrosis.Therefore, if the disease is suspected of developing the disease, one should immediately consult a doctor and go through the necessary examinations.
Osteochondrosis is primarily presented in pain and a feeling of severe discomfort in the back.In some cases, pain is timely, unstable.May disappear for a while.But for all people, the occurrence of pain must be a very disturbing symptom and cause concern.It is important to think and determine what exactly caused the pain.For example, it can be strong physical activity, raising severity.
The next indicative symptom on which the cervical spine is manifested in osteochondrosis, numbness of the arms and legs, as well as pain.Similar symptoms are characterized by other types of osteochondrosis.Most often, the pain develops in the left foot or in the hand, sometimes gives the heart the ribs.In case of such symptoms, you do not have to rush immediately to drink medication from heart or other diseases, but you must listen to and appreciate the nature of the pain, depending on what you do.All observations should be given to the doctor in detail, after which the patient is subjected to massage, gymnastics, and other treatment methods.In the early stages of the disease, an appeal to a specialist provides more effective treatment.
So, most often patients who have been diagnosed with osteochondrosis complain of pain of different intensity and nature in different places.They have higher fatigue, which manifests itself in both physical and mental work.In different areas of the body, sensitivity can be disturbed, most often in the limbs.Patients can also denote colds in their hands and feet.The manifestation of osteocondrosis of the cervical region is often dizziness and headache.Visual acuity can also be significantly reduced.
If the patient has osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine, in this case, various disorders of the human reproductive system appear.After treatment of osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral class, men often note improvement in efficiency.However, if a woman develops a sacred spine osteochondrosis, it can complicate the conception process as well as pregnancy.In addition to these symptoms, other manifestations are possible in osteochondrosis: muscle cramps, difficulties in movements, shooting pains, etc.
Diagnosis of osteochondrosis
The most important point in diagnosing osteochondrosis is the collection of anamnesis, and the most important moment in this process is the patient's survey, which the doctor should give all complaints.If certain symptoms of the disease determine the characteristic manifestations of osteochondrosis, there are also many signs that it is important to distinguish the manifestations of other diseases.Functions of the functions of many organs in osteochondrosis are often similar to the symptoms of gastritis, angina pectoris, and gastric ulcer.This is the reason why each symptom of osteochondrosis is exposed to detailed examination and analysis.
During the diagnosis, the doctor takes into account the age of the patient and the development of symptoms.Further methods are used for research to clarify the diagnosis.In this case, a radiological examination is most often performed.To determine the condition of the patient, we perform the spine viewing radiography.If there are more accurate complaints, they will practice targeted radiography, which is focused on the site of the lesion.
The relatively complex diagnostic method is considered to be myelography.This test requires the introduction of the contrast fluid in the cerebrospinal channel.In this case, there is a risk of damage to the spinal cord and the occurrence of an allergic reaction.However, this method is considered to be informative simultaneously, if necessary to determine the presence of rear hernia.
In addition, the use of computer tomography, magnetic nuclear resonance.At the same time, they are relatively expensive and are therefore exercised primarily when necessary to perform the differential diagnosis and determine the presence of the spine.
Treatment of osteochondrosis
In order to ensure that the treatment of osteochondrosis of the spine is close not only the exact diagnosis but also the integrated approach to the problem.The doctor usually prescribes treatment methods, depending on which part of the spine.The main methods of the cervical region, the chest region and lumbar spine therapy are massage, hand therapy, acupuncture, electrical stimulation, therapeutic gymnastics, vacuum treatment, towing and other methods.Parallel treatment with folk remedies can also be practiced.
The physician prescribes treatment to ensure that the patient's symptoms are eliminated and the causes of the pathology of the spine.Stop the pain using physiotherapy methods and drugs.Special exercises for osteochondrosis of the spine are also exercised.
One of the main methods of osteochondrosis of the spine and other diseases of the spine and the muscle system is the use of physiotherapy exercises.For this, special rehabilitation equipment must be used.Regular execution of the practices selected by professionals can improve blood circulation and activate metabolism.As a result, the strength of the intervertebral plates improves and the load on the spine is reduced.
The method of physiotherapy involves the effect of various physical factors on the body of various physical factors.Low -frequency current, magnetic field, laser, pain relieves effectively, inflammation is reduced and parallel drug treatment is more effective.Massage allows you to relieve tension and muscle pain and activate blood circulation.Manual therapy allows for acute and constant chronic pain in the joints and spine, increases the amount of movements and has a general positive effect on the body.The backbone extension procedure is used to relieve severe pain.It is carried out on special equipment.During the process, the intervertebral space increases and the shape of the spine is restored.Drug treatment is primarily practiced during aggravation.
But in most cases, effective treatment only slows down the progress of the disease to prevent aggravation.You can only completely restore it in the early stages of osteochondrosis.It is important to consider that the duration of treatment depends on the disease, therapeutic methods, and how carefully the patient fulfills the doctor's appointment and recommendations.As a general rule, the period of active treatment takes one to three months.After surgery, one person is restored for about a year.If conservative therapy does not produce results and there are special indications, the doctor will prescribe surgery.
Preventing osteochondrosis
People who have already suffered from osteochondrosis manifestations should not try to overload the spine overload and minimize pressure in intervertebral discs.We recommend that you always try to keep your back evenly to avoid the trauma of the spine.The comfortable bed of night sleep is important: you need to choose a separate orthopedic mattress.You should not raise weights more than 10 kg and you must sit down at first to lift the item, take an object and then stand up.Women cannot wear too high heels.In addition, people who complain about back pain should be exercised every day that strengthen the muscle corset.We recommend that it possible if possible.